VGM (Verified Gross Mass)
The confirmed total weight of a packed container, which must be submitted to the carrier before loading under SOLAS rules.
TL;DR: VGM is the verified total weight of a loaded container, including cargo, packing and the container itself. Without it, the container cannot be loaded onto the ship.
The requirement comes from the SOLAS convention (Safety of Life at Sea) and has been in force since July 2016. It was introduced because misdeclared container weights had contributed to accidents and unsafe ship stowage. The shipper named on the bill of lading is responsible for providing the VGM.
There are two permitted methods. Method 1 is weighing the whole packed container on a certified scale. Method 2 is adding up the weights of all packages, pallets, dunnage and securing materials, then adding the container’s tare weight, which is marked on the door. Rules on which method is accepted vary by country.
The VGM must reach the carrier before the VGM cut-off. A container with no VGM, or with a weight above its limit, will not be loaded and may face extra fees.
For dense cargo like glass mosaic, weight is the main constraint. Cartons and wooden crates add real weight, so the packing list should show accurate gross weights. A small error across many crates can push a container over the limit. Check local road weight rules at the destination too, since they may be stricter than the container’s rating. See Gross Weight and Net Weight and Cut-off Time.