Volumetric Weight (Dimensional Weight)
A calculated weight based on a package's size, used by air and express carriers to price bulky shipments fairly against their space.
TL;DR: Volumetric weight, also called dimensional weight, converts a package’s size into a weight figure. Carriers compare it with the actual weight and charge for whichever is higher.
To calculate it, multiply length by width by height in centimeters, then divide by the carrier’s divisor. The IATA standard for air cargo is 6000 cubic centimeters per kilogram, which means one cubic meter (1 CBM) counts as about 167 kg. Express couriers commonly use a divisor of 5000, so one cubic meter counts as 200 kg. Some carriers and routes use other divisors, so always confirm with the one you book.
For example, a crate measuring 100 x 80 x 50 cm has a volume of 400,000 cubic centimeters. At a divisor of 6000, its volumetric weight is about 66.7 kg. At 5000, it is 80 kg. The carrier then compares this with the actual gross weight to find the Chargeable Weight.
Volumetric weight matters most for light, bulky goods such as furniture or foam products. Dense goods such as glass mosaic sheets, stone, or metal usually weigh more than their volumetric figure, so the scale weight sets the price.
Sea freight works differently. LCL shipments are usually priced per CBM or per metric ton, whichever is greater, while FCL shipments are priced per container. See CBM, Air Freight, and Express Courier Shipping for related terms.